Air pollution has decreased significantly over the past two decades, with a 45% reduction in PM2.5-related deaths in the EU between 2005 and 2022, moving closer to the 55% reduction target for 2030. However, air pollution remains the leading environmental health risk in Europe, contributing to an estimated 239,000 premature deaths due to fine particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide levels exceeding World Health Organization recommendations, as well as causing various health issues that impose substantial costs on healthcare systems.