Ambient (outdoor) air pollution

Air pollution outside is a significant issue for public health, impacting individuals across all income levels in countries with low, middle, and high economic status. The pollution in the air outside, whether in urban or rural settings, was projected to lead to 4.2 million early deaths globally in 2019. This number of deaths is attributed to exposure to very small particles in the air, which are linked to heart and lung diseases, as well as cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that in 2019, approximately 68% of early deaths related to air pollution were from heart disease and stroke, 14% from chronic lung conditions, 14% from sudden respiratory infections, and 4% from lung cancer. Individuals in countries with lower and middle incomes bear a heavier load from outdoor air pollution, with 89% (of the 4.2 million early deaths) happening in these regions. The areas with the highest impact are the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions, highlighting the critical role air pollution plays in causing heart disease and fatalities.

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